含钒浸出液除铁工艺的探究

对某地石煤物料直接酸浸液中除铁的工艺进行探究,通过选用"中和-还原-溶剂萃取"试验方案,并且通过试验,最终确定了最优的工艺指标参数,使除铁率达到了99%以上,钒回收率达到80以上,有效的解决了浸出液除铁和提高钒收率的目的。     

空冷器翅片管泄漏原因分析

某天然气装置再生器空冷器翅片管管束发生泄漏。通过化学成分分析、金相检验、断口分析以及X射线衍射分析等手段,对翅片管泄漏的原因进行了分析。结果表明:由于天然气中含有腐蚀性介质,介质中的二氧化碳使管内壁出现酸性水腐蚀环境,在水相部位管壁腐蚀明显减薄,二氧化碳分压较高引起严重的局部腐蚀,以至穿孔并最终发生泄漏。     

TX-100与MBI复配体系对Q235钢的缓蚀性能

目的 通过分析曲拉通（TX-100）与2-巯基苯并咪唑（MBI）复配体系在酸性介质中对Q235钢的缓蚀情况,获得缓蚀效果最佳条件,如两者的配比、浓度等,分析其缓蚀效果和机理。方法 采用静态失重法对缓蚀剂的缓蚀性能进行了初步判定,用极化曲线法和交流阻抗法进一步研究缓蚀机理和效率,通过SEM和XPS对不同情况下的碳钢进行表面形貌观察和表面成分分析,采用综合分析法研究混合缓蚀剂对碳钢表面的缓蚀机理。结果 保持混合缓蚀剂总浓度2×10?4 mol/L,TX-100和MBI以不同摩尔比混合时,随着TX-100摩尔分数α(TX-100)的增加,缓蚀效率增大。当α(TX-100)=50%时,缓蚀效果达到90%,继续增大α(TX-100),缓蚀效率减小。当TX-100和MBI等摩尔混合时,随着总浓度的增大,缓蚀效率增大。当达到2×10?4 mol/L时,再增大缓蚀剂的总浓度,缓蚀效率没有明显增大,且达到90%以上。分析表明,两种缓蚀剂TX-100和MBI之间存在分子间相互作用,使其在Q235钢表面形成致密牢固的保护层,且混合物属于控制阴极反应为主的混合型抑制剂。结论 经过优选TX-100和MBI混合缓蚀剂的配比和浓度,降低了MBI的用量和缓蚀剂的应用成本,同时为金属防腐奠定了理论基础。     

Ultrastructural changes in the cemento‐enamel junction caused by acidic beverages: An in vitro study

The present in vitro study was aimed at evaluating the morphological changes in the cemento‐enamel junction (CEJ) after exposure to acidic beverages using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The initial pH and titratable acidity (TA) was analyzed from follow groups: (I) Coca cola, (II) orange juice, (III) Cedevita, (IV) Red Bull, (V) Somersby cider, and (VI) white wine. The CEJ samples (n = 64), obtained from unerupted third molars, were allocated to one control (artificial saliva, n = 16) and six experimental groups (n = 8). The experimental samples were immersed in beverages (50 ml) for 15 min, three times daily, 10 days, and in artificial saliva between immersions. SEM analysis was performed in a blind manner, according to scoring scale. One‐way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc tests, as well as Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U test used for statistical analysis. The pH values of the acidic beverages ranged from 2.65 (Coca cola) to 3.73 (orange juice), and TA ranged from 1.90 ml (Coca cola) to 5.70 ml (orange juice) of NaOH to reach pH 7.0. The SEM analysis indicated statistically significant differences between the control samples and those immersed in acidic beverages. The Groups IV, I, and II, showed the highest CEJ damage grade while those of the Group VI were the lowest. All the tested acidic beverages caused morphological changes in the CEJ with a smaller or larger exposure of dentine surface, and were not always related to the pH or TA of acidic beverages.     

石灰-铁盐+双氧水法在铜冶炼酸性废水处理中的应用

介绍了白银有色集团股份有限公司铜业公司含砷酸性废水的处理情况.针对系统存在的问题,技术人员采用石灰-铁盐+双氧水工艺对废水处理系统进行改造.改造后废水处理系统出水达到GB 25467—2012《铜、镍、钴工业污染物排放标准》,废水中ρ(As)低于0.5 mg/L,全部回用于循环水系统补水、石灰乳制备等生产工序,实现了废水"零"排放.     

Yoghurt‐type beverage with partial substitution of milk by a chickpea extract: Effect on physicochemical and flow properties

The objective of this study was to determine the evolution of physicochemical and flow properties of a yoghurt‐type beverage partially replaced with a chickpea extract over a period of 22 days. From two chickpea extracts, Blanco Noroeste was selected for its higher protein content. Six yoghurt‐type formulations were prepared, stored at 4 °C and analysed on days 1, 8, 15 and 22. pH was 4.24–4.75, while brightness was 81.7–94.5. Flow properties of the yoghurt‐type exhibited a non‐Newtonian behaviour. From three formulations that underwent sensory evaluation, the 30:70 mix obtained the highest acceptation. This yoghurt‐type beverage exhibited characteristics similar to natural yoghurt.     

酸性离子液体催化合成聚内烯烃的研究

以氯化卜丁基-3-甲基咪唑[Bmim]Cl为阳离子、氯化铁为阴离子合成酸性离子液体作为催化剂，用于内烯烃的齐聚反应，考察了不同反应温度、反应时间、催化剂用量等工艺条件对内烯烃齐聚反应的影响。通过气相色谱分析可知，合成的聚内烯烃主要是二聚、三聚、四聚和较少的五聚物，没有裂解产品。并在温度为120℃，反应时间为3h，催化剂质量分数为5％的条件下，内烯烃的转化率最高达到82％，这为进一步工业化合成高质量的聚内烯烃类润滑油提供了有效数据。     

Influence of surfactant addition for the texture etching process on multi-crystalline silicon wafer

This study investigates the effects of different recipes and concentrations of surfactant on the texture and reflectance of a multi-crystalline silicon wafer surface. The morphology of the surface was examined and photographed using a field emission scanning electronic microscope. The reflectance of the surface was measured and analyzed using a self-designed optical system. The results of this study show that a higher hydrocarbon-surfactant (CH-surfactant) concentration in the etchant resulted in a slower reaction time. The optimum concentration of CH-surfactant was 1%. However, there were many white bubbles in the etching process. The optimum recipe for surfactant included fluoride 2% to diminish these bubbles. The reflectance was less than 22% in visible light. This cost effective acid chemical etching method is suitable for texturing silicon surfaces on 50?nm nanostructures. This is a critical criterion for determining the optimum recipe for surface texturing of acidic etching in solar cells.     

Column solid‐phase extraction of sunset yellow and spectrophotometric determination of its use in powdered beverage and confectionery products

A new and simple solid‐phase extraction method for the determination of trace levels of sunset yellow has been developed on Diaion HP 2MG column system. The adsorbed sunset yellow on the resin was eluted with 3 mL of methanol and determined by UV–Vis spectrophotometry at 484 nm. Various experimental parameters such as pH, amount of sunset yellow, flow rates of sample and eluent solutions, resin amount, sample volumes, etc. were investigated. The influences of some alkali, alkali earth and transition metals on the recoveries of sunset yellow were investigated. The recovery values for sunset yellow were higher than 95%. Preconcentration factor was found as 150. The detection limit (three sigma) of the reagent blank for sunset yellow was 5.2 μg L^?1. The relative standard deviations (RSD) of the procedure were found as 3.9%. The validation of the presented procedure was performed by the method of standard addition. The procedure was successfully applied to the determination of trace levels of sunset yellow in powdered beverage and confectionery products.